Oil burning heater



June 23, 1942. F. G. SUCHLAND OIL BURNING HEATER Filed Feb. 16, 1939' ATTORNEY.

Patented June 23, 19 42 T on. BURNING HEATER Frederick G. Suchland, Quincy, IlL, assltnor to The Quincy Stove Manufacturing Company, Quincy, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application February 16, 1939, Serial No. 256,619

3' Claims. (Cl. 158-91) This invention relates in general to an oil burner of the pot type and more particularly to an improved burnerchamber with controlling means for improving the combustion and burning efiiciency.

In pot burners of this type the heat and efliciency of the burner is largely dependent upon the draft, and at low heats upon the float feed. A high draft produces variation and fluctuation of the flame and much of the usable heat is wasted in the chimney or flue.

In the present invention means is provided for improving the efficiency of the burner by reducing the stack temperature, increasing the carbon dioxide (CO2) content of the flue gas, stabilizing the flame, eliminating fluctuation and thereby resulting in a burning of the gas with greater efliciency and less formation of carbon or soot.

Important objects of the invention are in the provision of improved means for suspending a fuel mixer shell within the pot to provide means for partially restricting the outlet from the pot,

for stabilizing the flame, in producing a swirling movement of the flame, and in producing a blanket of flame which simulates a back pressure within the pot for reducing fluctuation due to variation in draft and fuel feed; and in producing an improved partition within the burner which is particularly effective for low flame burning conditions; to insure an alignment of the fuel injection and mixture openings of the pot and shell; and in general to produce the structure herein shown and described.

In the accompa y drawing illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a sectional-view of the pot and burner structurein accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective of the rotor for impro'ving combustiom- Fig. 3 is a perspectiveshowing the shell supporting and spacing means;

Fig. 4 is a perspective of an improved parti- Fig. 5 is an elevational view partly in section illustrating the burner 01' this invention and the high flame as produced thereby.

This invention is described as relates to a pot type burner having an inner shell with corresponding openings in the burner and shellra transverse partition in the shell and the shell forming-a mixing chamber with the wall of "the burner in accordance with my .co-pending application serial No. 219,853 of May 31, 1938.

ing, a pot type burner has a bottom Ill and a permanently attached circular wall. II with rows of perforations I2 at intervals along the wall, and an upper row of perforations l3 adjacent the top thereof.

This pot type burner is suitably mounted at the bottom of a heating drum ll within an outer casing or enclosure i5 and at the top of the drum is a baflle plate I6 and an outlet I! which extends through the casing I 5 and to a flue or other suitable outlet. In the wall of the drum above the burner is an opening 88 which registers with a similar opening in the outer wall of the casing between which a door flange I9 is inserted for mounting a door 20 therein locked in closed position by a handle 2|, the door preferably being of glass or other materials so that the condition of the flame may be observed therethrough when the burner is in operation.

At the back of the casing I5 is a tank or reservoir 22 having a flll opening with a closure cap 23 at the top connected to an adjustable feeding mechanism. 24 at the bottom from which a feed pipe 25 extends through the casing and into the bottom of the burner pot.

At the top of the burner pot isa plate 26 havin a central combustion opening 2! and a rim or projections 28 for seating and locating the pot therem.

Within the pot is a burner shell 30 having rows of perforations 3i therein corresponding to the perforations I 2 in the wall of the pot, preferably of the same number but slightly larger in size, and desirably located exactly opposite or in line with the openings I! in the wall of the pot. These openings are positioned and held in alignment and the shell itself is held so that its lower edge is above the bottom of the pot by interengaging means between the Walls of the pot and shell. As shown, this comprises a. plurality of projections inthe form of flat staples 32 secured to the inside of the pot wall i I by riveting or otherwise connecting the ends thereof and secured to the outer wall of the shell 30 are a corresponding number of channels 33 adapted to receive the projections 32 therein, and both located in a vertical direction so that the shell may be inserted longitudinally from the top of the pot when the plate-26 thereof is removed. To limit the downward movement of the shell in the pot and ,to provide communication around the, bottom of the shell for the space between it and the pot wall with the central combustion chamher at the bottom of the pot, a stop is provided Referring'noivmore particularly'to the drawat the upper end of each channel member which comprises registering openings 34 in opposite walls of the channel and a cotter pin 35 inserted therein and engaged by the staple or projection 32 so that when the cotter pin rests on the staples the shell 30 is held at the proper height and at the proper rotary position to suitably register the openings 3| and I! of the shell and pot across the combustion space 36 between them.

At the top of the shell 30 and below the row of openings 13 of the pot is a plate 31 which en-- gages the inner wall of the pot below the openings l3 and has a rib or projections 38 for cating or centering the shell 30 therein, and a central opening 39 through which the products of combustion pass from the interior of the pot.

At the inner edge of this plate 31 are inclined ribs 40 which overlap the edge of the opening 39 just below the opening 21 of the plate 26. These ribs are inclined axiall with respect to the center of the opening so that secondary air which enters through the openings l3 will be given a whirling movement as it mingles with the gases and products of combustion as they come from the center of the pot and shell.

On top of the plate 26 and-preferably seated in the opening 21 thereof, is a combustion flow director plate H which may be formed of sheet metal but preferably is made of a thin metal casting. This flow director plate has a central imperforate portion 42 preferably inclined downwardly at the center to act as a spreader with a plane of the upper side of the edge of the plate and the lower portions of the waves or corrugations are inclined downwardly therefrom. This plate therefore constitutes a non-warping partition plate which will maintain its shape and position at all times without danger of cracking or breaking, the heat simply expanding or contracting the waves or corrugations thereof.

In operation this burner receives primary air through the'aligned openings l2 and 3| of the pot and shell respectively in accordance with theamount of heat desired or produced. For lower heats gas is drawn into the mixing chamber 36 from the bottom of the pot by the injector action of the draft drawing the air through the aligned openings l2 and 3| and if a high fire is produced secondary air .will be drawnin through the openings l3 between the plates 31 and 26 and this incoming air will be given a whirling mixture by the inclined ribs 40, causing a moreintimate mixture and better combustion with the gases at this point.

The flow direction plate causes a spreading and swirling movement to be given to the gases and products of combustion as they pass upwardly through the openings 39 and 21 of the plates 31 and 26, such that the flame is actually whirled and given a spreading or spiral movement. The effect is to reduce the height of the flames, to combine them in a more compact mass or ball,

. and to confine the heat produced thereby to the plurality of vanes 43 radiating therefrom, the

vanes'being inclined in position from their axial plane and substantially at an angle of thirty degrees to the plane at their outer ends. The extremities of the vanes overlap the edge of the opening 20 and is supported by the plate 26, several of the vanes being provided with projections 44 extending downwardly therefrom for seating and retaining the plate in the opening. When made as a metal casting the central portion 42 of this plate is preferably of about the same thickness as the blades to prevent warping or distortion when it is made and when it is used. The imperforate center should not be too small as this will lessen the spread of the flame but if made too large it causes too much restriction of the opening and produces a pulsating or fluttering noise in the passage of the gases. In general the imperforate center should be not more than one-third of the diameter of the opening to which it is applied.

Within the shell 30 and adjacent the bottom thereof is a combustion partition plate 46 which is circular in form or the shape of the pot or shell to which it is applied. This plate is preferably located between the rows of perforations in the pot or shell to which it is applied and is supported by a number of projections 41 like rivets inserted through the wall thereof so that the plate rests thereon and may be easily removed from'the pot or shell. I'his plate is preferably made of sufficient thickness to be cast or molded but may also be stamped or otherwise formed and has a central combustion opening 48 ofmaterial size so that a low fire can be suitably maintained in the pot. As a partition plate of this kind is alternately subjected to expansion and contraction, an ordinary flat or inclined plate will easily crack or become broken and to overcome this difficulty or objection the inner edge 49 of the opening is. formed with a wavy or scalloped edge I which is graduated toward the outer edge of the plate where it is plain and unwaved. The upper edges or surfaces of the corrugations are in the heater drum M and to prevent the escape of heat to the chimney or stack.

This whirling action therefore reduces stack temperature, it increases the carbon dioxide content of the flue gas and results in a noticeably improved burning emciency. The elfect of the flow direction plate is to partially restrict the outlet or flow of the gases or products of combustion, thereby in effect producing a limited back pressure within the burning pot, and even at low fire reducing fluctuation due to variation of draft and noticeably stabilizing the flame action. With a constant draft the heating efllciency is also increased because the stack temperature is reduced and the CO2 content of the flue gas is increased.

It is obvious that the particular construction of the flow direction plate may be varied in structure, shape and dimensions, depending upon the different results desired, sizes of openings and difference of equipment, it may be applied as an adjustable or removable part to various types of burners now in use, and it is particularly designed and intended to be used as a part of oil burning heaters of the pot type in which it will produce a more eflicient use of the fuel and combustion thereof with the least amount of soot.

I claim:

1. An oil burning heater comprising a pot open at the top andprovided with means for flow of air thereinto, a plate associated with said pot centrally apertured to permit flow of gases from said pot, said pot being also provided with secondary air holes above said plate and a second plate abovesaid secondary air holes apertured to permit flow of gases therethrough and means associated with said second plate comprising a central portion above said aperture and vanes extending therefrom to obstruct and spread the gases flowing therethrough.

said pot, said pot being also provided with secondary air holes above said plate and a second plate above said secondary air holes apertured to permit flow of gases therethrough, said first named plate being provided with vanes constructed and arranged to direct said secondary air non-radially over the aperture in said plate for intimate mixture with gases flowing therethrough, and means associated with said second plate comprising a central inverted conical imperiorate portion provided with vanes extending outwardly therefrom to obstruct and spread the gases flowing therethrough.

3. An oil burning heater comprising a pot open at the top and provided with means for flow of air thereinto, a plate associated with said pot centrally apertured to permit flow of gases from said pot and a second plate above said secondary air holes apertured'to permit flow of gases therethrough and means associated with said second 7 plate to obstruct and spread the gases flowing FREDERICK G. SUCHLAND. 

